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More and more qualified people are moving from poor to rich countries to fill vacancies in specialist areas like engineering, computing and medicine. Some people believe that by encouraging the movement of such people, rich countries are stealing from poor countries. Others feel that this is only part of the natural movement of workers around the world. Nowadays immigration is not a new phenomenon and many countries make every effort to encourage people to emigrate. One of the main contributing factors is brain drain in third world societies (nations) that we face with it more and more. Naturally, people seek the best conditions for living and move to another countries which where have provided perfect offers for them. Rich countries want to fill vacancies in specialist areas like engineering, computing and medicine with qualified people by encouraging to the movement from poor countries. Poor countries cannot can not prepare facilities, salaries, insurances, higher level education for their own public. Sometimes they do not have any sufficient job positions for graduationed. On the other hand, In other part(in turn), rich countries encourage skilled workers to immigrateion by the wider choice of employment. For achievinge these goals, people have to migrate. Many developed nations for instance Germany, or Canada demand for a young population because the level of birth has been decreasing gradually. Their range of young population has have reached to negative levels and developed governments are have worried about this matter. For this reason rich countries have gathered effective situations for youth who want to cooperate with advanced industrial companies. Not only do governments Ggrant many services to Mmigrants, but also help them to be Ccitizens. To sum up basically, the general public must have freedom to choose the place where they will settle on. No matter where they live, they just think about high standards and financial statuses for their life patterns. From In my perspective, they have the right to select lifestyles. Nobody can not forced them to stay in this competition with fewer less opportunities. 255

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Some parents buy their children a large number of toys to play with. What are the advantages and disadvantages for the child of having a large number of toys? Playing with toys has been a favorite kind of hobbyies for children and manufacturing toys has have been gradually transformed into a productive industry throughout the world. The A question, however, arises as to of whether or not buying a lot of toys for children by their parents is an acceptable and sensible way. Advocates of this assert that every gadget with the capacity to amuse children can be useful for them in respect of entertaining and training them to acquire some basic skills of life. Consequently, if playing with a variety of toys can give children various training, purchasing plenty of entertaining gadgets for children seems to be rational. Furthermore, such diversity prevents children, who tend not to to not be attracted by a certain toy for a long time, from being tired. Looking at it from a negative viewpoint, having a lot of amusing devices causes children to be baffled because in childhood, children can be easily distracted and do not assign enough time to each one, in which case which in this case they are not able to reach instructive objectives determined by toys producers. Moreover, this situation can engender a the growing inclination to desire more and more toys into children such that these children would not be satisfied and happy with of playing with the existing ones. In conclusion, although buying a lot of toys for children can have a variety of positive effects on children's instruction, we should not be extravagant with them. In this case, our children take full advantage of such hobbies including both instructive goals and amusing ones

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Some parents buy their children a large number of toys to play with. What are the advantages and disadvantages for the child of having a large number of toys? Playing with toys has been a favorite kind of hobbyies for children and manufacturing toys has have been gradually transformed into a productive industry throughout the world. The A question, however, arises as to of whether or not buying a lot of toys for children by their parents is an acceptable and sensible way. Advocates of this assert that every gadget with the capacity to amuse children can be useful for them in respect of entertaining and training them to acquire some basic skills of life. Consequently, if playing with a variety of toys can give children various training, purchasing plenty of entertaining gadgets for children seems to be rational. Furthermore, such diversity prevents children, who tend not to to not be attracted by a certain toy for a long time, from being tired. Looking at it from a negative viewpoint, having a lot of amusing devices causes children to be baffled because in childhood, children can be easily distracted and do not assign enough time to each one, in which case which in this case they are not able to reach instructive objectives determined by toys producers. Moreover, this situation can engender a the growing inclination to desire more and more toys into children such that these children would not be satisfied and happy with of playing with the existing ones. In conclusion, although buying a lot of toys for children can have a variety of positive effects on children's instruction, we should not be extravagant with them. In this case, our children take full advantage of such hobbies including both instructive goals and amusing ones

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Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. In high school, as far as I remember, one of my classmates made effort to learn facts and formula in every lesson but another one tried to learn ideas, concepts, and materials in relation to the others. Given the grades at the end of the semesters, it was clear than who was more successful; he was no one but the man who learned ideas. Therefore, on account of my personal experience, I subscribe to the view than that students should cherish understanding ideas and concepts rather than learning solely facts. The supports for such a claim are expounded in the light of the reasons as expanded below. First of all, suppose a student who just learns facts and does not pay any attention to concepts based on which he or she can learn fundamentals of any material. Such a student is more likely not only to learn nothing except for a few different formulae, facts, or some distinct, vague materials but also to forget every issue he made an attempt to learn. Contrary to such a student, those who try to learn spirit/souls of each material taught them in class, the concepts or ideas, sufficiently do have enough potential to maintain the materials in their long lasting memories. In the second place, based on my educational experience, those who understand concepts, are able to learn issues in relation to the others, and more importantly do not learn mere facts are more likely to apply what they learned in a variety of aspects. Hence, what they understood including different ideas, clear concepts, or even a detail can lead to various invention or precious attainments. This fact is quite obvious, since there are many creators and inventors whose understanding concepts caused them to achieve important inventions according which the human being's life has been made easier. Third but not the least, since it is often said that there are some kinds of similarities and interesting relations among issues in different sciences or even various aspects of life, many people make great use of such relations to remember concepts according which they deal with what they face. While the people who just learn facts without understanding ideas willfully or ignorantly fail to remember what they learn, the opposite group easily can recall what they were taught. Consequently, it is obvious that understanding concepts and ideas are preferred by intelligent educational systems according which they make every effort to pour the ideas in students' long term memory.

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It is inevitable that as technology develops so traditional cultures must be lost. Technology and tradition are incompatible, you cannot have both together. To what extend do you agree or disagree? Nowadays, the issue of whether or not technology and tradition could coexist together is an intense debate. Creation of the world was based on the improvement and changing, so we cannot control this trend. Although technology is a sort of changing and we as human beings do have a thirst for of improvement, betterment and making our lives more convenient, it is quite very sad if we keep in mind that traditions and cultures are suddenly changing as well. I do not like the fact that technology and tradition are incompatible and can no longer be hand in hand as we progress every year. We see many countries such as Japan as the leader of technology, so they still have respect for elders. They strongly believe that keeping traditions does not mean refusing changes of any kind. Although However, innovation reduces physical interactions, but it depends on how people incorporate it in their lives. It is evident that technology saves our time and we benefit from it. Imagine instead of going to an ATM machine to check your balance, you can simply check the internet for that. Advanced technology provides more appropriate and easier preserving conditions and helps to identify what the real traditional culture is. Communication devices such as satellite, television, radio and cellular phones lend a hand to keeping in touch with one another. Telecommunication technology is conducive to broadcasting traditions, and broadening and widening our horizon. Through surfing the net and reading news we will be informed about other societies' history and their style of life. Overall, in today's world nobody can deny the impact of technology on the culture, it is our duty to strike/make a balance between them. Technology is our future, traditional cultures are our past, both are essential for our present.

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In the past, when students did a university degree, they tended to study in their own country. Nowadays, they have more opportunity to study abroad. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development? You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. In this day and age, as people have benefited from with using the world‐wide‐web and improved passenger transferring methods, new horizons have been opened for students who reached to the degree of completing their educations in universities. Some say they must continue their studies in other countries than their own country because this will help them to know other cultures and it gives them self‐confidence. Besides, they can import knowledge to their country and use up‐dated science to improve their homeland's industries and infrastructures. Furthermore, this will develop a bridge between two countries for interacting and opens new doors to communicating with other religions or cultures. Opponents of studying abroad claim that there is not any guaranty that these talented student/fresh brains will come back to their fatherland and investment in on their nurturing will evaporate. Consequently, after years that this rate of immigration frequently happens, educated people's proportion in the country will decrease and homeland will experience/taste the bitter taste of regressionretarding. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent students from going abroad for continuing their studies on foreign college or universities. From my point of view, as I have seen saw in the last past twenty years that a vast number of students who went to other countries for continuing their educations never came back and considering that you cannot imprison highly educated people inside your country and control their associationscome and go, I believe there should be encouragements for these people to go and complete their studies and grab and bring the knowledge back to their country. In a nutshell, continuing educations in other countries which are pioneers of science would be a great idea if there where motivation incitation for educated people for coming back and serving their own countries. Hosein Talebi.

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Mandana Do you think that modern technology, such as the internet and computers will ever replace the book or the written words as the main source of information? Nobody can deny that recent technology has grown rapidly in the past few years and researchers predict that it will develop faster in the future. Some people think the print book will be replaced by computer devices and internet, others believe that the number of printed books will decrease certainly but hardcopy books will continue to exist /print in the future. Although the internet and computer devices have become important parts of our today's life, I do agree hardcopy books are the main source of data. On the one handside, it is true that with the computer and the internet, individuals can access to a vital range of information, they can turn on the computer and connect through the network, search for valuable information and articles in the world wide. In addition, there are many news corporation advertisements and electronic newspapers these days which can be read by the cell phone and/or the notebook easily. Moreover, some people prefer to use computer devices because they believe that not only are electronic books environmentally friendly productions, but also a large number of trees and forests can survive and continue their life. In fact, they find the serious concerns of climate changes and try to improve the environment by reducinge Green Household Gas. On the other side, it is predicted hardcopy books, magazines and newspapers will continue to exist because of some simple reasons. Firstly, elderly people are uncomfortable with electronic devices. Secondly, some people think screen computer radiation is harmful for eyes and has gives negative effects on the brain and eyes. finally, all people in on the world do not have access to online services and then they need hardcopy books and newspapers. In conclusion, there is no doubt true that the internet has helped people in providing information and access to wide range of data by just a click, but I strongly believe that written words/materials like books and newspapers will never be replaced by any kind of advancement devices as the main source of information.

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Many countries host international sport events these days. What is the positive and negative impact of hosting such events? International sports competitions have become one of the popular events which all countries have a wish for its hosting. Nevertheless, some individuals are against that and believe that it might have a negative effect on the host country in economic and social terms. Some argue that being an invited country is just waste of money. Firstly, authorities of host countries should spend a lot of money before and after events on constructing, repairing as well as organizing for the places where matches are supposed to be held. In addition, not only should they pay attention toabout the stadiums, but also they have to provide accommodations and necessary facilities for sportsmen and sports fans those are predicted to travel for watching the games. Furthermore, at that particular time the security of the host country is more likely to be threatened because of chaos, so the government should impose stricter control. On the other hand, some others assert that in such events the particular country would absorb considerable attraction and popularity from all around the world, especially if they could manage the process perfectly. Besides that, it could be beneficial to most sportsmen to play in their hometown ground. It was seen that in some sports such as football players are get used to the place where they have played before. In addition, they would gain more applauding and encouragement from their fans in their countries compared with other countries in that, limited individuals have the opportunities to travel to the other countries to watch the matches. As a result, not only might they gain a sense of superiority, but also they would play more confidently which is might lead to better results. In conclusion, although some people cite high economic impact of international events as the most important drawbacks of hosting, some others maintain that the gained popularity is more pivotal. I, myself, believe that it would be a great idea to hold the international sport events in our own country. Not only should money spending not be thought of as waste of money, but rather it would be an opportunity in which the host city's appearance would change and become more comfortable

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Recent research shows that the consumption of junk food is a major factor in poor diet and this is detrimental to health. Some people believe that better health education is the answer to this problem but others disagree. What is your opinion? In The past Decade plenty of valid and reliable experiments conducted by high profile and famous scientific research labs around the word bear out the claim that a certain type of food ,namely junk foods are a serious threat to the general public health. Some people point out that our best approach to overcominge this problem is to devise device a comprehensive plan to raise awareness in regard to the side effects of overusing malnutrition/unhealthy nutrition.in contrast, the opposite the other side believes that education is not effective enough to tackle this issue. The proponents of education as our ultimate solution to this so called nourishment crisis usually consider education as a long term response. They believe if we train people to adjust and control their feeding system effectively by increasing their knowledge and telling them disadvantages of foods with poor nutrition they will automatically switch to healthier foods. The opponents are conversely of the opinion that education may not be our best possible solution. They cites the couples of inferences to back up this point of view. The most frequent one is the fact that every year multinational food corporations dedicate considerable amount of money for advertisement to promote selling the rate of their products and keep their extremely profitable business alive and thriving .Thus, we need more decisive actions such as passing severe laws to deter food manufacturers from producing detrimental foods or increase sale tax on these foods to make it expensive or price inefficient for the potential consumers. I personally opt for education because I think not only does it grantee freedom of choice choosing, but also in contrast to other possible answers to this particular complexity it is permanent.in addition to this, enforcing these types of laws often needs a significant proportion of financial resources due to its urge for supervising policies and advisory organisations.in other words, unnecessary expenses that government should incurs. Overall, issues related to people' wellbeing are quite complex to deal with. Therefore, we need precise educational programs to control consumption as well as production of unhealthy foods simultaneously to keep our mind open to creative ideas.

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Formal examinations are the only effective way to assess a student's performance. Continual assessment such as course work and projects is not a satisfactory way to do this. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? Some say that examination at the end of the term is the only proper way to assess the amount of students' information which has been have learned during a term, and others truly argue that long‐term assessments during the term are is better to evaluate students and the formal method is not efficient per se. The Traditional examination method where/in which teachers evaluate students at the end of course isn't an accepted method today, because of many drawbacks assosciated with/in it. One is that some students emotionally are not adapted to with such examinations and cannot showcase their distinct abilities, and basically, this type of assessment is a challenge for students' memory rather than their information. another reason for disability of the traditional method is that it's a very short time examination and perhaps a student who is well educated during the course, is be in a bad emotional condition or sick at the time of examination., then, she /he will fail and it's not justice/fair. Additionally, estimation of the consequence of an education in several months in a short time cannot be authentic, especially in multi‐purpose test methods. Some say that it's important that students must be able to use their memory rapidly and it's absolutely necessary later in the workplace and this is true, but teachers and parents should increase students' ability in memory using with especial methods and in specified times not with wrong traditional assessment methods. We should use new researches' information in our children's education and our knowledge can raise a more intelligent generation for the future. Consequently, testing students' information at the end of the course with traditional methods is not a proper way and schools and teachers should use new methods to evaluate students' information during the term in the way some schools are applying. Word count = 286