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TPO50 – writing: The reading states some evidence which indicates that traveling to the Mars is more difficult than to the Moon and has some troubles which make it likely impossible. The lecturer, however, finds all the ideas dubious and casts doubt on the reasons proposed by the reading passage. The author argues that supplying food, water, and Oxygen for this interspacetrip to the Mars is complex and needs more capacity in the space vehicles, because its time is more than the travel to the Moon. Conversely, the speaker brings up the idea that there is an especial material such as hydro-powder hydroponic which occupies less space than the ordinary food and water and also it contains enough material which astronauts need. In essence, it provide water air as same as the fresh water on the Earth. Secondly, the reading passage holds the view that the astronauts experienced less time to be exposed in zero-gravity situation to travel to the Moon. Therefore, due to the Mars mission they will spend more time under bad effects such as decreased muscle mass. On the contrary, the lecturer underlines the fact that the astronauts experienced many months on the Moon, thus they can tolerate under this long-time journey to the Mars. Furthermore, there are several techniques to help them to endure under these bad effects. For example, they can use some calcium material to keep their muscle mass bone density. Finally, the reading asserts that the astronauts will be under dangerous radiations of Sun. Therefore, adding the support shell on the shelter, make it bigger and more massive which lead to being impossible. In comparison, the lecturer dismisses this issue due to the fact that these radiations must not be dangerous all the time. Also, in those dangerous moments it needs a small isolated place as a shelter covered by a shield.2. Do you agree or disagree with following statement? All university students should be required to take history courses no matter what their field of study is. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. In every common society, historical issues have always been among the primary concerns and priorities importances of human beings' lives. Today, it is axiomatic that all the students enforced are forced to study history books during their educations. A plethora of people possess the conviction that it is better for students to learn about the historical subjects, whereas others might hold exactly the opposite view. I firmly endorse the former conviction instead of the latter one. In what follows, this essay is going to aptly delve into the most outstanding reasons to advocate my point of view. The first exquisite point to be mentioned is that history subjects are full-fill of many experiences which every thrones or societies had. Indeed, these experiences are undeniably useful for people's lives and also lead students to acting more accurately in same situations in their life. In my own experience, the story of Edison's life, who has invited invented vital electricity, made me excited. Therefore, I learn how to deal with the situation and do not give up under bad events in my life-journey. Another equally noteworthy point supporting this opinion is thatmoreover, with historical knowledge people not only learn a lot of helpful points, but also they can find the power of their country in the whole time. Thus, this issue gives individuals rise to individuals havinghave confidence in some aspects of life. For example, some presidents or kings had a lot of honors for their own nations which has have never been absent from the picture in the world.To put it in briefly, all the enumerated reasons lead us to the conclusion that had not students not studied history in their universities, they would not have been able to go on the correct way. However, a paramount issue that must be mentioned is that this cannot be used as a prescription for everybody and some counter examples might exist, which are not mentioned above. As a result, it is suggested that conducting more statistical studies are is needed to answer this question more precisely.

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Teachers are more influential than parents on children's intelligence and mentality? Agree or disagree? There are variety of affecting factors on children's intellect and subjectivity which in my view parents and teachers are nuts and bolts in this case which is in the category of controversial debates. First of all, not only does a child's personality develop from its childhood also a child is very much influenced by their parents which might be the languages, habits and traditional traditions which actually are the base of the child's personality development. Moreover, parents come first as role models of children from the infancy which means children naturally learn how to react to certain circumstances by observing how their parents how interact and behave with toward each other and other people. In addition, parents have a much more impact on children's growing up, as a child stays most of their time with them. Secondly, although parents play a large role in cultivation of a child's social skills, children are taught by their teachers’ intelligence and mental skills as well as fundamentals of mathematics and science which causes/bring about a huge development in terms of team working and joining to the more large society in them. As a matter of fact children spend their study periods along with teachers in schools and universities so their main living ideas will be formed in that those years. Without a doubt, educators play sa significant role in motivation of adolescents to obtaining and storing store vast amounts of information which results in increasing their self-confidant confidence and improving social competencies which leads to boosting their mental well-being and intelligent intelligence as teachers are the backbone of the education of juveniles. To sum up, children learn intelligence and mentality from both parents and teachers so it is difficult to conclude that which one are is more effectual when it comes to a child's development. Therefore, i believe that neither of these essential facts would not be able to do that lonely.

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Although the prices of fuels have greatly increased over the last decade or two, it is argued that further increases in fuel prices are the only way to reduce the world consumption of fuel and lessen the pressure on the world’s fuel resources. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? We are living in a world with an ever-growing demand for energy which has led us to a dire shortage of fossil fuel. While many argue that an increase in the price of fuel is a pivotal factor at play in the reduction of consumption of energy, I believe that the escalation of in the price of fuel is not an effective solution to lower the heavy demand for our limited resources of energy. Though during the past couple of decades, the price of fuel has significantly increased in many parts of the world, surprisingly the consumption of this priceless material has not decreased as expected or in some rare cases, higher consumption has been recorded. In my country, Iran, for example following a rapid escalation in the price of fuel, the cost of accommodation increased in large cities, and this besides lack of sufficient means of public transportation rendered caused an overwhelming majority of citizens to emigrate to suburban areas, thereby resulting in more fuel consumption for commuting. Working hard night and day on this burning issue, scientists have found some feasible solutions to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Consuming renewable energies such as sunlight, sea waves, wind, and the production of ethanol instead of fossil fuel can reduce the demand for crude oil or natural gas. Only when an alternative has been introduced to consumers, can we expect a significant decrease in fuel demand. Not only can does the usage of public transport with renewable energies can reduce the demand for fossil fuel, but it also is to the benefit of citizens from both financial and physical health points of view. To cut a long story short, I opine that the escalation of in the fuel price though feasible it may seem at first glance does not address this significantly extremely important problem. I hold, encouraging people to use public means of transportation with renewable fuel, along with expensive fossil fuel prices can a more effective solution for this desperate plight.

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Euthanasia has been in the news more and more. many people are strongly against such a practice, but there is growing demand to have it legalized. How far do you agree with euthanasia being made legal? Euthanasia is a controversial topic for legislature around the world. Many believe that allowing a person who is terminally ill to pass away at their own decision is morally right and it should be legal, but others argue that on ethical grounds it is an immoral action and should be forbidden. There is an obvious desire among a number of the patients that suffer from an incurable disease to be allowed to end their life with support of their relatives, whether we like it or not. There are different classifications of euthanasia, they are as follows as “voluntary and non-voluntary “. I am a supporter of voluntary assisted death, I believe it is a human right that to be able tocan decide to be alive or end their lives.as humans have the right to life it should not be limited when they make the decision on death. Patients that are suffering from an unhealed disease have a fundamental right over their own body. Some patients suffering from fatal disease, and unable to enjoy from further life sustaining and no longer tolerate pains. For example, recently the gold medal winning athlete “Marieke Vervoot “has died after taking her own life via mercy killing. She said” due to extreme physical pain she could not sleep at all so it the pain was too severeing to continue prolonged her life”. It is an evidence for this that anyone regardless of being hopeful or succeed successful in their life when experience experiencing a chronic pain wishes to die.However, opponents of this view claimed that assisted death would put too much power in the hands of doctors and they can abuse their position. It might be true, but it is the authorities’ responsibility to have control on doctors and clinical decisions to ensure that the euthanasia’s decision was is made by individuals not doctors. In conclusion, it is affirmative that everybody has the right to life but the life of and ordinary or healthy person is so different from that of a and disabled one or who has a distressing disease and live in a dead body so any individuals that cannot continuing their life in reasons of intolerable pains should have allowed to put end on their life.

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Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because the world is changing so quickly, people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people were in the past. I entirely agree with this statement, because the pace of the progresssion and advancement get has increased and people most of the time strive to adapt to this condition and do not pay attention to their life style. I will support this statement with some reasons. To begin with, nowadays people are more stressed out in comparison with people those in past decades, and more scramble in the life. The High-tech world brings up too much pressure and tension for people, because they should work most of the time in order to keeping up to date, and achieve to sufficient knowledge, which are is indispensable to make the life better and convenient. People allocate more time to work and less to entertainment, . as a result, they get frustrated and depressed. They are not energized and motivatede in their life, so the chances are they lose the goals and forget that what they make attempt to do in the life for? In the past decades, people were more active and they have had more physical work to do, nonethelessby contrast, today’s people are more indolent and most of the time they sit at their desk and do their job, and do not have any motion all over the day. Consequently, they gain weight and become fat, which have has long-term effects in on their health. They are under the risk of the heart attack, high-blood- pressure, diabetes and high levels of cholesterol, which affect the life span. The other effect of the high-technical world is the communication between people. The subsistence among today’s people become faint and they do not care to about their relations with their relatives and friends, so they will be high and dry, so the chances are to have a mental problem and become more aggressive. People cannot to contain their anger and along with the ills of the world, this issue influences the communication between people. For instance, most of the family members are busy with social networks society and the internet, so they do not pay attention to each other. To draw a conclusion, the pace of the changes in the world is too fast and people are struggling to withstand this circumstance and proceed along with at this pacevelocity. People should equilibrate/strike a balance in this situation and care more to about their mental and physical health.

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Some people believe it is important to give gifts and presents to friends and family to show that we care about them. Others think that there are better ways to show affection to them. Discuss both the views and give your own opinion. Giving gifts, a common way to express love, care or thanks to someone, which has been encouraged in many religions and cultures can serve to strengthen relationships. Some, however, believe there are other ways to show sincerity. There is little room to cast doubt on the benefits that giving and receiving gifts bring. To be either the one who does the giving or to be on the receiving end, a present can be a step to turn an otherwise boring, dying relationship to a mature and exciting one and sometimes take it to the next level in aone way or another. Even though it varies from romantic relationship to non-romantic ones, a receiver would know the importance of this relationship to the other and they are not taken as granted yet, despite the long time passed and that the relationship is as strong as it started, fresh as if it were the first date or day they met. , Thereby, having the potentials to become legendary. As the receiver enjoys the affection and love sent by a friend or a lover, the one who does the giving can benefit from the sense of self-gratification which according to many psychologists is more of a selffulfilling experience and lasts longer. In spite of its distinct advantages, gift giving cannot be an answer to all the problems in a relationship and there may be better substitutes. A true relationship or friendship is built over time and it takes more than a simple present to communicate your love. It is not possible to buy someone’s love by squandering money on luxurious gifts, especially if the one who gives is a man of wealth. In times of crises, for example, you know you can count on your close friends who may be terrible at remembering your birthday or knowing your taste and picking the right item for you. More importantly, giving fits is sometimes not more than a half-hearted attempt, but. Aa nice gesture which may lacks sincerity and depth. This can remove the magic and make the act of exchanging gifts so commonplace that it has negligible impact. In some cases, it is only a part of the ritual which only declares the commitment to being nice in the eyes of the public rather than a display of emotion. When there is little love lost between two people or one is deeply hurt due to what the other has done, a gift can be counterproductive or at least add to the pile of objects which have little value for the receiver. After all, a person is more than a wending vending machine. More can be done to show that someone cares, loves, or respect the other. To conclude, although giving presents can benefit a relationship or a friendship, strengthening or maintaining it, I am of the opinion that often more should be done to save a relationship or develop a friendship and show your emotions.

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Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should sometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. The media and motivational speakers have always encouraged people to choose a job that satisfies them in all aspects. They put the idea in people’s minds that in order to live their life to the edge, doing what they love is one of the necessities. While some are of this opinion, I strongly believe that people should sometimes do activities that is are not enjoyable, because they may be in the need for money, can hone their skills in different areas and it would increase their sense of responsibility. First of all, the global economy has seen a lot of fluctuations in recent years. With the rise of technology, analysts have become worried that more job positions are being taken on by robots and people are losing their chance to take the chair. Besides, living expenses has have been increased considerably in a way that people are turning to obtaining loans and finding themselves saddled with debts. Realistically, it should not be expected that everyone finds their one and only dream job and stays in that position for the rest of their life. As a result, when people are forced to choose a job that they do not like, they may be able to handle their debts and overcome their financial crises. Moreover, mastering in a certain job demands dominating learning different aspects which eventually can guarantee the person’s success in its field. One of the key elements that every person should consider when applying for a job, is the ability to overcome hard situations by employing their skills. It is said that what you plant know, you will harvest later, and acquiring new skills is no exception to this. As a consequence, those who are specialized in their field and come up with new solutions by using their skills and experiences, have a higher chance to be employed by huge corporations with a chance of promotion. Finally, when people are positioned and challenged in different situations, many beneficial outcomes would arise. One of the most important factors to mention is how their sense of responsibility heightens when they are engaged in activities that may not be completely satisfying, but is are necessary to be done. While working in such conditions isin beneficial for the whole system, it helps people to feel more responsible toward themselves. Therefore, they will be established as a suitable role model for next generations and the society will be healthier in response to its citizens’ dedication to their jobs. To sum up, I believe that people sometimes should do the jobs that they do not enjoy. I suggest that employers should provide some facilities to make the working atmosphere for those who are not totally interested in what they are doing, less stressed, because some people can clear their debts, raise their chance to be hired and a well-developed society would be the result.

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In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. There is a debate on how to allocate funds to improve public transportation system. While many people argue that establishing new fast trains between cities is not worth its cost and it is better to invest such huge amounts of money in developing the current trains and buses, I am of the opinion that the advantages of high-speed trains outweigh its drawbacks. Improving the current transportation could result in several advantages. First of all, it could facilitate everyday-life of many commuters by providing better access to bus-stops or train stations. Secondly, as the number of services increases, there would be less waste of time of citizens in commuting. Thirdly, by better public movement methods, more people tend to use the public vehicles instead of using their own car, which absolutely results in not only less traffic jams congestion but also might lead to reduction in air pollution. On the other hand, building new high-speed intercity railways has its own specific cons. One of its benefits is that it may lead to decrease in population density, since there would be no obligation to live at the city for establishing urban services such as job opportunities. In addition, lots of entertainment centers and even municipal services could be located out of big cities as there would be still a reasonable access for a big population. Then, it could be said that urban facilities could be distributed more fairly between cities. Furthermore, as a result of more balanced population distribution among cities there would be less need to for public transportation in big cities and might help to vanish traffic jams. In conclusion, however although it is true that constructing ultrafast trains is costly, the advantages it brings to the community in gaining a better distribution of citizens, makes its affair costs affordable.

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These days, a large number of special animals and plants are being endangered in order to various reasons and could harm nature in the near future. Also, there have been a great deal of critical issues in the environment recently which the benefit of preserving them would save all creatures. Obviously, the extinction of animals and plants especially the particular ones has being a considerable issue for environmentalists. It includes many dangerous impacts on the rest of species because they will lose their habitats gradually, even humans. Therefore, many living creatures are classified in particular categories due to their vital roles of maintaining the food chain, so if one species became extinct, others would definitely being threatened, like polar bear populations which are being declined per year, as a result of massive hunt of marine creatures and also global warming. However, other concerns about environment cannot be exempt which considering them might protect even those specific species. Human activities which include air and water pollution, toxic waste disposal, deforestation and many others have interfered with ecosystem and cause changing in climate and rainfall patterns, so as a serious and universal threat lead to many disruptive influence that not only have destroyed the nature but also human life are being damaged. Ultimately, making efforts to preparing sustainable development and changing the methods of using of energy involve basic environmental problems. In conclusion, protecting the environment in global solutions could save natural habitat as well as surviving particular species and human life.

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Without a doubt, the change could have both merits and demerits. However, when the rate of these changes exceeds our capabilities, it eventually becomes destructive. In from my point of view, quick changes make our people less satisfied and happy. I feel this way because of two reasons, which I will explain in the following essay. To begin with, generally, people need to have stability in their life. I am not sayingthis is not to say that the change is harmful. I am just proposing that, when its acceleration gets out of control, eventually, people tend to lose their ability to adapt themselves to it. As a result, this conflict would move our society to depression and dissatisfaction. For instance, in the current decade, humanity has overcomes so many problems and bring brought lots of innovation literally in all the fields of science. Despite these developments, statistics show us that the rate (degree) of happiness among in our society is intensely decreasing. We could count cite the huge suicide rates and depression rates as strong evidence. Secondly, without considering the general effect of quick changes in people, which Ias mentioned in the previous paragraph, most of the changes that we are facing Nowadays are often destructive. Namely, the environmental changes that are threating humanity's existence or sudden economic changes which generally present us with the new crises. It is really hard to think of a person, region, or country which that are not affected by these catastrophic changes. For instance, my country had beenstill is under these unpleasant changes. In over the past decade, we have been facing so many crises in the economy, society, and the environment. In many cities, people have been struggling/fighting with poverty because of recent economic issues. Unfortunately, it is not the worst problem my country is facing. There are lots of people who do not have access to clean water. In my opinion, the sudden disasters would be more fitting to call these events than quick changes. To conclude, I am not against the change, I just think it could be counted as a danger if the pace of changes goes out of control, and nowadays we are seeing fast changes in lots of aspects which lead us to a less satisfied society.