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In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. In todays’ today’s technologically advanced era, ways of commuting has beenhave experiencing experienced a significant evolution, and the industry of trains’ production is not an exemption. Establishing a path for this development has arose raised controversial disputes, . both advocates, and opponents, who claim that improving the present public transportation is a more essential practice. Laying the foundation for newly developed trains, governments could substantially guarantee citizens’ convenience as well as punctuality about for their occupations. That is to say, on account of nowadays’ widespread traffic congestions, particularly in megacities, the masses has have been faced with an array of grave ills, one of which is late arrival to at their job prejudice their job security. Besides, the cutting edge of the train industry has brought about environment-friendly motorized vehicles, which hardly do cause pollution (both sound and air kinds), thus a more decent condition would be offered. On the opposite side of the coin, dozens of experts allege that there must be more efficient implementations to be enacted in this area, which are also economically viable. They have cited that, for instance, should authorities budget for improvement in current motorways, more lucrative consequences will be attained. Taking applying these legislations laws up will at least alleviate slow-moving trafficstraffic jams. Additionally, other ways of transport, for example fleets of public busses, ought to be replaced by their latest models, and this practice is far cheaper. Incidentally, from my point of view, this progress should be taken into consideration, albeit costly. This approach will presumably mitigate cities problems, and serve leads to so appropriate a circumstances.The question “whether countries be facilitated

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Big salary is much more important than job satisfaction. Do you agree or disagree? Provide relevant examples if necessary. These days many people believe that the jobs has been chosen with high wages is are advantageous, despite the fact that it they doesn’t may not appeal to you at all. I personally intend tend to opine that workers’ contentedness with their job is more significant than a big stipend. First of all, a satisfying occupation keeps you stimulated; therefore, this leads to career progression and may have better job prospects. In other words, employers are motivating employees, since it will augment productivity. People do follow their interest and become more professional in their pursuit than those who put wage first in the first place. For instance, Vera Wang left her prior job (as a journalist) in spite of the good wage and ventured to become a fashion designer. She tolerated fluctuation in her new career and became one of the most famous and well-paid designers in the last century. Thus, job satisfaction profits far outweigh the drawbacks of its low salary in from a long-term perspective. Secondly, if employees are content with their works, they would create a better working environment. Hence, members of an organization are enjoying a higher level of job satisfaction and tend to be more helpful and amicable to their colleagues at work, unlike someone a person who is just earning a high salary, whereas he feels tensed and has conflicts with his conscience. To illustrate, Google is one of the most important firms that where jobs satisfaction has higher priority than a big stipend, it which leads to making a name for the company for its extraordinary working environment. That’s why more important to establish a company that makes its employees happier than only pays high wages. By way of conclusion, I once again restate my view that job satisfaction is more beneficial than a big salary because it makes people fruitful and stimulated.

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TPO 19/2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to be well-informed, a person must get information from many different news resources. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Nowadays, due to developments in technology, the news spreads faster than ever and the number of resources is increasing day by day. In fact, people can choose through which resources they want to get notified of the news. However, despite of all the facilitation facilities and technology, people should be careful to gain true information. To begin with, we are living in the age of information circulation and people can reach the news as soon as possible, but it is a double-edged sword. It means that although this fast spread has its own benefits, it can cause many problems such as fake news. In fact, the high-speed news release causes rumors and even the journalists would be trapped by fake news and publish unconfirmed news without verification. For example, once it snowed heavily all night and everybody got surprised. Consequently, there was inconsistent news released about school snow closure and caused inconsistency confusion among people and government. Second, there is no news agency without bias and all of them publish news and reports in favor of themselves and their parties. So in order to avoid being under the influenceof biased news, we should choose the resource which is closer to the truth or read various media. In other words, every press agency considers events and subjects according to their views. As a result, reading different media gives you this chance to consider a topic from different angles. For instance, today there is a great debate over child marriage in Iran and each media publishes its own opinion in accordance with its perspective. If you read a paper that is opponent ofopposed to your attitude, you can get familiar with the reasoning of the opponent and understand it so you can convince them more easily or even your opinion might be reversed. To sum up, if you want to be informed of all over the world and know the truth, you should follow up resources that are more trustful trustworthy and you know their news is more consistent with the truth. Besides, you should track the media with different opinions so you can be sure that you could analyze an issue from different angles/perspectives.

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Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree? With the progress of human beings’ society in the arena of technology and welfare, the need of the presence of men and women for cooperating in society has increased during the recent century. The direct responsibility of the education system especially universities is to create a fare and an indiscriminate environment for both male and female students to have their own choice to study their favorite major. Considering reciprocal need from two genders, I, personally, believe that it would should be implemented fare fairly and equality equally between all walks of society. Obviously, one of the important duties which the education system is supposed to do is guide students to find their own way according to their talents. However, teaching them to become a skilled and well-mannered individual is also significant in order to having have a prosperous community. It is a fact/given/axiom that every man and woman has their specific role in society and it is necessary to be ready for taking their proper role in future. Today, in universities, there is availability of different majors held. There should be optional selection for girls and boys to make their choice. It is extremely important that the subjects which are read STUDIED by students be their interest, whereas they will do their best. Furthermore, because of the women’s role in rearing the new generation, copying with a tough and full time job in a maternal role is much more difficult for some of them. Although they have chosen this situation themselves, demerits of that bring about a huge dilemma for society as whole. For instance, a mother who is a doctor or miner, despite the hardship of their her responsibility, they she does not have enough time to spend with theirher children and it is an enormous threat for new generations. Probably governments can pave the way for those practitioner women by gaining some facilities such as long time/term maternity leave, some perks or subsidies and some consulting classes to lead them how to raise their children. To sum up all the statements above, overall, I have to say that choosing a university major is a personal interest for every individual and nobody has the right to decide for others, but it is a possibility for universities to hold some minor subjects or sub majors and increase the student choice for studying. This action will offered better opportunities for adults to find a better future for themselves.

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Some people think that modern technology is making people more sociable, while others think it is making them less sociable. It is an irrefutable fact that technology has altered the way of our communications. Though some claim that this phenomenon has isolated us from outdoor life, others opine we are more sociable, thanks to technology. Despite numerous privileges that it has brought to our life, I wholeheartedly am of the opinion that it has made us alienated to each other. To begin with, distances have become meaningless due to invention of the Internet, social medias and other cutting-edge amenities. As a result of various applications and messengers not only are we able to conveniently catch up with our loved ones, but also making friendships with those we have much in common in other corners of the world has become facilitated. However, superficially it seems that we are surrounded by thousands of friends, but can we count on relationships which has have been made through the virtual world. People who have been immersing into their cellphones and overlooking their dearest sitting next to them is are a familiar scene to all of us. This lead has led to a serious social concern in that people deeply feel lonely while their accounts on social medias, Instagram for instance, are being following followed by many of other lonely people. Similarly, we send emojis of kisses and hearts even if we do not really mean it, though expressing our deep affection toward each other has become ridiculous for us. All in all, business-related communications enjoy the cutting- edge technology as it has enabled them to reach their customers directly, while I believe its demerits out weight outweigh its advantages in our personal relationships.

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Over the past few decades many people work at their home rather than the traditional way of working at an office. Although working at home has a variety of positive points, many believe the demerits of such a beneficial method far outweigh its drawbacks. When it comes to this notion I maintain that telecommuting is an environmentally- friendly method which can benefit both modern societies and workforce. Being involved in a decent profession is considered one of the basic pillars of a developed country where most members of the society can achieve their goals in life based on their perseverance and making informed choices. Tiered and exhausted of the hectic pace of life in large cities, only a handful of labor force can stay at their living place and earn money. This new method of working is a viable solution to typical plights of metropolitan areas where people suffer from air pollution and traffic jams. I believe that not only is this way of working highly effective to in major problems of big cities, but it also can benefit societies by creating jobs. Those working at homes need more Internet and IT support, and this is creates a brilliant opportunity for IT engineers, let aloneapart from the environmental benefits by lowering fossil fuel consumption. On the flip side, those who are against teleworking argue that this way can reduce the productivity of workforce because of inherent noise and interference at residential areas. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that real meetings are considered more effective than online ones, hence the importance of presence at an office. A majority of critics hold the idea that since working at home does not necessarily require waking up at a specific time, and tidiness this may lead highly effective workforce into low performance staff. To cut a long story short, considering all the problems commuting can bring about to modern cities, I believe working at homes can benefit people from all walks of life in myriad ways. That working at homes is an effective solution to traffic and air pollution is an indisputable fact.

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In many countries around the world, life expectancy is increasing. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this situation and give your own opinion. The past 50 years have seen a considerable increase in lifespan. Yet, there remains some disagreement as to whether the overall effect of this topic has been positive or negative. While there are certainly valid arguments to the contrary, I personally intend to argue that the benefits of longevity far outweigh its drawbacks. These benefits are twofold. First of all, it is an indisputable fact that healthcare advancement has revolutionized the lifespan. For instance, longer life expectancy gives us the opportunity to serve our country for a longer period and this will let us enjoy our life here on Earth. Moreover, longevity has always been considered a kind of treasure and fortune, and allows people to contribute more to the world with their talent and wisdom. Further and even more importantly, though, if lifespan keeps on growing there will be the risk of the scarcity of resources. In other words, the problem is occasionally seen when people live longer, it causes population growth leading to consuming more resources. Furthermore, the rate of getting illness augments with the growth of the aging population. Despite the advances in medical technology, there are still many diseases that cannot be treated efficiently. For example, the prevalence of dementia increases markedly with age. By way of conclusion, I once again reaffirm my position that longer life expectancy has had a positive impact on our society and country. Life is precious and the government should invest more on in Medicare in any way possible. On the other hand, the benefits both people and the world can get from the phenomenon of people living longer are irreplaceable and undeniable. It is the trutha given that longevity is a symbol of civilization.

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It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sport person or musician Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. It is generally acknowledged that giftedness is an irrefutable intrinsic feature which is genetically transfertransferred to some infants. It by no meansit does not mean that it is the only requirement for becoming successful in the a particular field. I wholeheartedly am of the opinion that other measures could compensate the lake lack of intelligence. Simply if we take a glance at well-known musicians or sport champion’s champions’ biography, there is a common statement among them: we owe our prosperity to severe endeavor and perseverance. We all know one or more examples among our acquaintances who can play a musical instrument professionally which has been acquired through permanent learning practicing and continuous practicing. I opine modern teaching approaches has have abolished the conventional attitude toward children’s capability by encouraging and motivating them to pursuing pursue their interests. With innovation of the Internet and technology, virtually all ordinary people can become a professional in a field in which they have passion and adequate efforts. The novel teaching approach believes that dedication and persistency persistence are excellent replacements for lack of talent in one. Though some claim that talent exists in some children, it actually would act as a short cut toward the final goal, not more. Even giftedness won’t be effective if a certain amount of practices is not putted, I believe. I suppose it is narrow way of thinking if we claim all sport and music stars are gifted. Undoubtedly the family, the environment, and financial situation in which a child grows up are considerably contributing factors to become becoming a good sport person or musician, either an intelligence intelligent child or ordinary one. To conclude, the digital age has provided ordinary children with numerous amenities which are quite adequate to obtain the position which a gifted individual can have.

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Fateme-TPO12.Task2 Do u agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to have broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to specialize in one specific subject. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. In this day and age, it is a common question whether to having various knowledge of different academic courses is more appropriate than studying hard in a special course. In fact, many people argue that studying different courses can be properly suitable practice. However, others claim that experts can be create in just a specific subject. In my view, we should consider moderation and both of them can be effective on different circumstances. Firstly, learning is a necessary job in our daily life. Our mind has a considerably powerful capacity to understand various circumstances, as well as learning different skills can be proper for promoting the brain. Many an individual maintain that not only is studying different courses helpful for our life but also we can apply a method of a subject into another course. To exemplify, students educate many different lessons such as science, mathematics, physic, language, biology, chemistry, history, Geography, Litrieture and Society. Actually, all of them are necessary for further their career and promoting their personality. To illustrate this more clearly, an evolutionary algorithm inspired by biology is useful to solve mathematic problems. Secondly, specializing can be happen in one subject. Other individuals believe that becoming expert can become truth just by consideration on one specific major. In other words, a brain can promote is focusing on a unit subject, and try to educate an environment for many years, as well as gathering information surrunding that circumstances. For example, a heart surjer should first learn all the initially biological knowledge and the general ways of treat, as well as becoming a doctor after 8 years then should become specialize in surjening the heart, so it needs too many years for learning. Last but not least, we need to learn different methods to solve a special challenge in the one specific environment. In fact, in the most of lessons we can find some similarity, so to understand other lessons those similarity can help us, and this is crucial to develop the mind. However, at last we should concentrate on one subject to become expert. For instance, all students should first learn many different lessons in the intermediate level. These lessons can help their brains to grow, and also they can find their interest after learning different subjects. Besides, they will specialize in one course in their academic years. Moreover, some experts like Dr. Hessabi had many academic degrees because he liked to learn and had enough talent. Hence, both of them can be helpful and individuals can select whichever they like for the way of study. By way of conclusion, not only is it essential learning one specific course but also some people who have enough potential can educate different academic courses. Hence, there are a lot of ways for educating and different people have various situations, and they can aware of their abilities tochoose studying one course or more than one. If people know themselves completely they can select the best way for learning.

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Some employers believe that job applicants’ social skills are more important than their academic qualifications. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? There has always been always a great discussion revolving around what criteria should be considered to recruit staff and employees. This criteria has been never constant and changed according to the changes and needs of industry. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss why social skills are more crucial than an academic degree. To begin with, the vital element of a successful company is teamworking and also team working means how to communicate with other group members. People having great social skills are a prime target for working in the group because they are easy-going and flexible people, they can bounce off their ideas easily and make the best decisions without any resistance against each other’s opinions. In fact, it is obvious that the development of a group can be stunted due to the presence of tough and uptight people. Furthermore, social people are able to communicate with strangers better and attract people’s attention to what they are talking about and convince them. Otherwise, they can convey a great first impression. So these people are the best choice to be entitled to sell the products of a company or public relations. Second, although some people claim that academic qualifications are a pre-requisite of recruitment, many human resources experts believe that all staff can be trained in all skills that are needed in their jobs and the only thing they need is intelligence, talent and soft skills that involve social skills. For example, if there are two candidates for a position, given that their abilities are the same, one of them has a higher academic degree and another has better social skills, they have equal chance to be hired. To conclude, because today learning and education is not limited to the universities and there are many resources people can use them to learn, so the sole criterion is not higher education. In other words, companies are establishing and applying new criteria that are based on personality features.