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Do you agree or disagree with the following statement ? Smartphones and online social networks have destroyed communication between friends and family. The role of online social networks and cellphones are widely and they can affect communications. Some persons claim that they destroy them but others maintain that they are precise for improving relations. Moreover, I will point out some reasons that explain why they are useful. In one hand, some people maintain that internet has a lot of drawbacks that one of the crucial issues is creating gaps in relationships. Many a families and friends have cold relations because of smartphones. For instance, nowadays during the parties and even ceremonies individuals are using their mobiles and Internet. However, in the past people were talking each other during friendly sessions. On the other hand, in my opinion there are many positive and valuable characteristics of internet which improve our family relations. For example, I know a mother that her son is living aboard, also she calling him by Skype and these video chats are enjoyable for her. In addition, she mentions that these talking are very economical for her.Last but not least, in many situations internet have had vital role in having strong relations. First, in our relative Telegram groups are useful for being aware of each other and seeing our dears' pictures. Second, I have a close friend that she is far from me, as well as calling to her by cellphone is comfortable and easy for me. Actually, each times that I miss her I can talk to her easily. Otherwise, in the past persons wrote letters and sent them to their friends. Not only was it hard but also it had slow processes. In conclusion, some individuals claim that Internet had negative influence in communications of relatives and friends but I strongly believe that not only had it perfect effects in our relations but also mobiles had important role for continuing relations.

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Nowadays families move to different countries for work. Some people think it has a negative effect on children, while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. There is a growing trend nowadays which people leave their own country to acquire knowledge, skill, good job opportunities and much more besides. Although meeting their needs is beneficial for them, families may face some challenges, such as moral issues on children's behavior. To commence with, that children could adapt themselves to new environment is the key factor in this situation and is undeniable. Moreover, teenagers are more successful than their siblings who young to get alien cultures. Therefore, most young children, even their parents, experience real culture shock. Other than that, children need to be supported to have a good upbringing, not only from their parents but also from their relatives, but with their immigration, they are deprived of it. Having said that, from my point of view, children of a migrated family can be benefited from many ways. First and foremost, they can be familiar with a new language in their young age, thereby speaking and knowing it fluently like their mother tongue. As a result, if a company draw a comparison between a bilingual person and monolingual one, without doubt, the former will make a better choice. Last but not least, due to their challenges, from the beginning of the life, in making new friends and adjusting to living in strange environment and also other cultures, by overcoming these problems, the might have gained confidence and independence which certainly help them in their future when they enter in their adulthood. In conclusion, were I to choose between the advantages and the drawbacks effects on children's life, I definitely opine that the merits outweigh the demerits.

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Ali Saeedinia_W05_E 10/05/2018 Global warming is one of the most serious issues that the world is facing today. What are the causes of global warming and what measures can governments and individuals take to tackle the issue? There is an uncomfortable reality that greenhouse gases e.g. carbon dioxide contributes to global warming .There have been numerous scientific studies that indicate the planet earth is getting warmer in the recent decades. To begin with, there are various reasons to which can lead global warming. In addition, emission of industrial pollutants has a damaging impact on the global temperature cause it to rise dramatically. Deforestation is also playing a vital role in heating up the planet simply because the forests store a large amount of CO2, therefore, cutting down the trees will cause a lot of emissions to stay in the atmosphere. The government is able to solve or at least slow down the process of rising the earth’s temperature by promoting initiatives to heighten people’s awareness of this issue. Furthermore, global warming can be reduced through the imposing and reinforcing tougher laws to reduce air pollution, facilitate environmentally sustainable developments, curbing greenhouse gas emissions and encouraging green space development programs such as tree planting programs. Like governments, people can also contribute substantially to resolving this phenomenon. Using environmentally friendly vehicles, for instance, hybrid cars—which use electricity alongside gasoline—is one of the ways of going green. People can car pool to work everyday in order to reduce the emissions of fuels. Individuals need to make some small simple changes in their lifestyle like using reusable water bottles, starting a compost bin, using rain barrels and energy-saving light bulbs are a few to mention. Although global warming has potentially catastrophic consequences, both the government and individuals must take drastic measures to address this important issue. Not only the authority, but also citizens should take an active role in preserving the planet.

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Nowadays in many countries young people leave rural areas to study or work in cities. Is it a positive or negative development? Do you think the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages? These days it seems that the trend of leaving rural areas has been accelerated and more and more people, especially the young, are eager to live in cities. However, the impacts of this change can bring about a lot of unwanted problems in rural and urban communities. Primarily, rural depopulation usually results in economic problems in an area or country which it has happened. Decreasing farming products is one of consequences of this relocation which can soar the price of foods, thereby importing more food products as well as decreasing their foreign-exchange reserves. Moreover, rushing young people to urban areas increases the rate of unemployment in cities owing to increasing of the number of labour forces or lack of skills of rural young workforces and this fact is an addition financial burden on governments. In addition, it would be possible to add some costs like shelters, traffic and pollution to the list of economic issues that steam from the migration of youth to cities. Second, from social and psychological aspects, rural-urban migration causes a lot of individual issues for rural youth. These people usually are born and grown up in countryside where nature and humans are closely intertwined and lifestyle is completely different from … … crowded cities. However, living in a stressful atmosphere like modern cities can lead to some mental issues like anxiety or depression for these people who are not familiar with them. Furthermore, since family ties generally are stronger in rural areas, sometimes migration would cause major problems among the family members. Both Parents and children probably lose their backing of each other which plays an essential role in rural communities and consolidates the physical and mental state of the members. In conclusion, although leaving in cities are tempting for many famer young people, this part of society have significant roles in the economic and welfare of other people which by rural exodus not only can society lose many benefits, but also these people probably face personal problems.

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In recent years, many small local shops have closed because of customers travel to large shopping centres or malls to do their shopping. Is this a positive or a negative developments? Recently, in some cities, shopping in places where everything are available have become more and more popular. This, however, has an obviously destructive effect on small businesses, and may cause them bankruptcy. On the one hand, the dramatic decrease in urban travels has been cited as the one of the most crucial advantages of purchasing from malls. When people have the same destination for providing their goods, the other sides of city will not struggle with the traffic congestions which happens due to an intention of travelling from one street to another with the intention of shopping, so the number of travels can be reduced, thereby declining the air pollution. Moreover, by virtue of abundance of various commodities, going to a shopping complex is a seemingly reasonable decision. Many argue that seeking goods all around the city is a waste of time especially owing to shortage of time which is invaluable. On the other hand, whilst centralizing shops in one place may lead to the cities addressing the traffic jams issue, destroying small businesses has been quoted as its main result. Many say that not only can it make many small outlets to be shut down, but also it reduces the chance of other businesses to be discovered by customers. When they commute in the city to buy goods, there is a chance for other stores to attract people to give a look to their window and subsequently could arouse the customers’ irresistible impulse of buying to sell them some items.Furthermore, with the rise of shopping centers, many of those markets end up with insolvency, hence unemployment phenomenon in cities. Thus, when no longer are there any customers, the shop owners will face losing their income, and it can be considered a reason of poverty and thereafter, it may cause crime in society. Consequently, although shopping in malls is more convenient and what people need is effortlessly attainable there, many small local stores are threatened by it. Therefore, it can pave the way for some the occurrence of social issues such as unemployment and escalation in illegal acts afterwards.

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In many countries these days, the number of people continuing their education after school has increased, and the range of courses available at universities and colleges has also increased. Do you think this is a positive or negative development? The rate of individuals pursuing their higher education has dramatically increased across the globe in recent years. In addition to this, a variety of new courses have been introduced into higher education centers making universities more attractive. Yet, there remain some disagreements as to whether the overall effects of these changes have been positive or negative. While there are certainly valid arguments to the contrary, I personally believe that the merits of continuing education, regardless of the purpose and age far outweighs its demerits. Education is one of the main pillars of a modern society, hence its importance amongst civilized populations. Admittedly, the more the number of educated people in a society, the less crime in that community. That highly educated individuals play a significant role in their society is an indisputable fact. Many hold the idea that not only holding a university degree can increase the level of competency but it also lead to higher positions with better salaries. Disappointed and despaired of not having a job with a good prospect, many high school graduated will sign up for a tertiary education if they find the course interesting enough. Many educational experts worked night and day to introduce new fields of study, making higher education centers more attractive. Though an overwhelming majority of ordinary populace do not recognize these newly introduced programmes as that so useless, many a recently high school graduated is absorbing these programmes by passage of time. Creative art is an obvious example of such courses that parents in most cases did not allow their children to enroll in, but due to the enthusiastic reception of the youths it has gradually gained its real value. By way of conclusion, I hold the idea that spending both time and financial resources for educational purposes is a kind investment that will undoubtedly profit those who plant such seeds. Only if different programmes are available, can educational officials expect a large portion of people pursue their higher education.

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The best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities These days, there is a widely help perception in many parts of the world that public health is in decline. Yet, there remain some disagreements as to whether increasing the number of sports club is the most effective method for promoting public health or not. While there are valid arguments to the contrary, it is my belief that this solution could constitute a good first step in our machinery life style. From my perspective, one of the main obstacles to being healthy is lack of daily activities. Due to lots of automatic machines and modern robots, Today’s people mostly live in a more sedentary environment than those of their previous generation. Perhaps the most effective way to encourage people to have more mobility would be for the government and also private organizations to enhance the sports facilities particularly in the vicinity of individual’s life place or workplace. By doing this, not only do they reduce the risk of experiencing many fatal diseases(e.g., heart diseases diabetes) and boost their immune system, but also doing regular exercises functions as a good stress reducer, hence a degradation in illnesses and stress levels. The alternatives to this method would be less effective. Take for example some prohibitionists approaches like banning rules or tax penalties for consuming fast food to excess or cigarette smoking conducive to deleterious consequences in the long term. Admittedly, fast food and drug abuse are incredibly responsible for such ailments like as high blood pressure and obesity, however I believe that people have the right to determine what goes into their bodies either beneficial or harmful and these solutions would be against violation of their civil liberties. By way of conclusion, I believe through public education campaigns, we should aware people about the benefits of the health clubs employing experts as well as counterproductive effects of fast food and smoking. On the other hand, in those communities that are otherwise aware and healthy, the ignoring behaviours are daunting and the tendency toward harmful consumption will spread wildly.

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People attend school for many different reasons (for example, expanded knowledge, societal awareness, and enhanced interpersonal relationships). Why do you think people decide to go to school? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. There was a time studying was not a widespread activity among people. Actually we can say that it was a privileged possibility for specific individuals like noblemen. Beholden to new perspectives developed gradually in societies all around the world, we are witnessing a new juncture in almost every person 's life which is somehow associated with studying. There are many reasons for people to do so, deserving to count which I will point out some of them. First of all, as I said this issue have become a part of human’s life as an obligatory step of it. Simply, children are not permitted to choose whether they want to participate in these educational affairs or not. So they do what they are expected to do. Secondly, in higher levels of education when we can find a more voluntary essence in studying, gaining knowledge comes to the first in counting the reasons. In fact, when people begin to select their optional ways of living, many a person prefer to expand their wisdom or at least make themselves adept in something in schools. This can help them to learn about a particular field they like it which can advocates their professional career generally. Evan they can develop their social network during their educating which increases the chance of flourishing as the scientific evidence shows. I have read somewhere that more than sixty percent of employees in US have applied their connections to gain their job. Third refers to some unique reasons which really depend on social circumstances. For example, in my country, because of lacking job opportunities, youngsters pursue their studies to avoid facing the job market and buy some more time. Or even we all know people who attend to study just because of its social reflection on their character. In conclusion, human society has its own complicated structures inside which have been developed by conditions and consequently they will induce other terms to those conditions in a reverse process. By which I mean people felt the need of educating in their social life and they have spread it. In return, this educating process affects how those people live in a way that people go to school relying different reasons from philo-wisdom to purposeless time spending.

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- Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world. Do you think this is a positive or negative development? It is believed that countries are becoming similar in terms of products availability and globalization. I believe that this phenomenon is detrimental in some ways and in the other way it can have positive aspect as well. Countries history, traditions, handicrafts, traditional foods are unique to each region and country. One of the tourism attractions is especial foods and products of each country. To make all products of regions available everywhere in the world can damage tourism industry. In addition, handicrafts being made by local people provides employment and job opportunities for them which globalization of products can damage the opportunities. On the other hand, finding any product from any region everywhere in the globe can be positive and convenient point for immigrants and foreigners in their destination country. Previously it was a concern for immigrants to find a special product from their homeland in another county, but nowadays availability of handicrafts or traditional foods made life more convenient for them. In conclusion, looking at the fact that there is similarity of countries due to the ability to buy anything anywhere in the world can be both positive and negative from two different perspective. Being able to purchase any product anywhere in the world can damage the tourism industry, employment of local people and at the same time can be positive to give the opportunity to purchase any necessary goods even in a country other than their homeland.

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Written by M.Torabi Some people work for the same organization all their working life. Others think that it is better to work for different organizations. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. After finding a job, the main issue for an individual is how to deal with working conditions that are appropriate to the goals of the job. It is not far-fetched if we consider the duration of employment to be related with how this interaction works. Anyway, long-term employment in a job or switching jobs for several times, each has its own discussion that in my opinion will have different results for each person and we cannot consider a single version for everyone. Although although I prefer to avoid switching a lot among jobs personally. This is common for newcomers to switching jobs every couple of years. Because it can take time to find a job that fits their interests and skills. Changing jobs a few times early on in a career can help to find a job that they like enough to stick with for several years without getting burned out. On the other hand, the reputation of dependability may be flawed in such case. A person who constantly starts new ventures will probably have problem to find a job in future. Because employers have to invest on training a staff and that investment may be lost if he or she leaves the company. This is a risky decision but after working as employees and gaining expertise in a certain field, some people may create new ventures on their working life to become an entrepreneur. Creation of strong and long-lasting work relationships are vital to success in such starting up businesses. Moreover, staying for a long time in an organization or a job may result in gaining access to some benefits that are reserved for long-time workers. For example special pensions or promotion in military positions. Changing jobs also lets people escape dead-end jobs and increase the extent of their knowledge in different fields. In addition, it gives the chance to jump on a new level of wage and benefits, while it can take many years for regular employees. In conclusion, staying at the same position in an organization instead of switching jobs can be beneficial in some ways and detrimental in others. All of this depends on the person and his or her goals. I believe changing jobs can open doors to learn and advance in a career, and at the same time it requires a challenging mentality. Each person should fit his or her working style with predefined goals to achieve them in the best possible way.